Anthocephala floriceps

NOTES

To elaborate our models we removed uncertain localities such as 'Bogota skins', those localities with no coordinates and all records with coordinates laying down in sites with estimated elevations below 600 m and above 2,462 m.

The habitat suitability model generated in Maxent for the subspecies berlepschi showed areas suitable in climatic terms for this hummingbird extensively along the three Andean ranges. Thus, we retained just areas in the eastern slope of the Central Andes, the head of the Magdalena Valley and around Popayan in the western slope of the Central Andes (from where comes one record in BioMap). Otherwise, most areas were deleted from our final potential distribution map for this species. Areas in the southern portion of the range in the head of the Magdalena Valley, in the western slope of the Eastern Andes, were extended slightly in our map since they are climatically suitable although there are no known records from them. Interestingly, this model did not show suitable areas for this subspecies in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta where occurs the nominate subspecies.

The habitat suitability model generated in Maxent for the subspecies floriceps showed areas suitable in climatic terms for this hummingbird in a very small area in the eastern slope of the Eastern Andes in southern Norte de Santander, and a few pixels in western Casanare and between Cundinamarca and Meta. Those areas are not known to be occupied by this subspecies and were deleted from our final potential distribution map.

According to Lozano-Jaramillo et al. (2014) differences in Plumage, DNA sequence and climatic niche (as verified by our models) joined to the fact that both subspecies are separated by more than 900 km suggest that the two forms deserve full species status. Contrary to this view, vocalizations do not seem different enough to support specific status (pers. obs.). It may likely be that disjunct ranges are a new situation in geologic time, which will leave open the possibility of an ongoing speciation process in an uncertain state.

Assuming that the distribution of the species may have filled the complete climatic model generated, its distribution today in remnants of forest is about 9,047 km2, which corresponds to a loss of 54 % of its potential original distribution due to deforestation. It is important to note that most of the loss of habitat has occurred in the range of the subspecies berlepschi, which possibly deserves more attention in conservation terms at the moment than the nominal subspecies.

MODEL METADATA

Anthocephala floriceps berlepschi

Regularized training gain is 2.989, training AUC is 0.988, unregularized training gain is 3.764.

Algorithm converged after 960 iterations (29 seconds).

The follow settings were used during the run:

27 presence records used for training.

10027 points used to determine the Maxent distribution (background points and presence points).

Environmental layers used (all continuous): bio10co bio11co bio12co bio13co bio14co bio15co bio16co bio17co bio18co bio19co bio1co bio2co bio3co bio4co bio5co bio6co bio7co bio8co bio9co

Regularization values: linear/quadratic/product: 0.308, categorical: 0.250, threshold: 1.730, hinge: 0.500

Feature types used: hinge linear quadratic

responsecurves: true

jackknife: true

maximumiterations: 2000

Anthocephala floriceps floriceps

Regularized training gain is 5.010, training AUC is 0.998, unregularized training gain is 5.129.

Algorithm converged after 460 iterations (17 seconds).

The follow settings were used during the run:

32 presence records used for training.

10032 points used to determine the Maxent distribution (background points and presence points).

Environmental layers used (all continuous): bio10co bio11co bio12co bio13co bio14co bio15co bio16co bio17co bio18co bio19co bio1co bio2co bio3co bio4co bio5co bio6co bio7co bio8co bio9co

Regularization values: linear/quadratic/product: 0.244, categorical: 0.250, threshold: 1.680, hinge: 0.500

Feature types used: hinge linear quadratic

responsecurves: true

jackknife: true

maximumiterations: 2000

'Equal Training Sensitivity and Specificity' and 'Equate Entropy of Thresholded and Original Distributions' thresholds and omission rates:

ETSS-EETOD-Description

Anthocephala floriceps berlepschi

7.989-11.715-Cumulative threshold

0.096-0.138-Logistic threshold

0.065-0.050-Fractional predicted area

0.074-0.074-Training omission rate

Anthocephala floriceps floriceps

4.514-5.532-Cumulative threshold

0.102-0.133-Logistic threshold

0.007-0.007-Fractional predicted area

0.000-0.031-Training omission rate